Forms of Reasoning

The first form of reasoning described in the instructors blog is reasoning by analogy. According to the Epstein book reason by analogy is a comparison in an argument when "one side of the comparison we draw a conclusion and the other side we conclude the same. An example of this is " Raising tuition fees for the CSU's is like increasing the price of milk for a child. Sign reasoning is when two or more things are closely related that presence or absence of one indicates the presence or absence of the other. An example of this is "This guy is wearing a pair of rare Jordans, gold chains, and an a expensive jeans. He must be rich." Causal reasoning is tthe relationship when one event "cause" and another event " effect" in which the second event is caused by the first. An example of this is "In order for John to avoid injury he must stretch before the game. Reasoning by criteria is when  we judge the outcome of a decision and identify the best decision for the criteria. An example of this " It seems like your vacation plans  look very fun but shouldn't you vacation at this place as well. Reasoning by example is when we use reasons that we have experienced. " You should take this class because I did pretty good in it and the teacher is excellent. Inductive reasoning is using past observations and experiences to reason with a new argument. "The TV show went past thirty minute slot so the DVR didn't get to record the whole show. Next time I will record an extra five minutes just in case the show passes it thirty minute mark." Deductive reasoning is when the premises and conclusions are true. "All cars use gas. A Lexus is a car. A Lexus uses gas.